{"id":1239,"date":"2023-08-28T15:00:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T07:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=1239"},"modified":"2023-09-02T23:42:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-02T15:42:16","slug":"shell%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=1239","title":{"rendered":"SHELL\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.Shell\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h1>\n

Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u3002Shell\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91ca\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5e38\u89c1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u548cUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Shell\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982Bash\uff08Bourne Again SHell\uff09\u3001Zsh\u3001Ksh\uff08Korn SHell\uff09\u7b49\u3002Bash\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684Shell\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8bb8\u591aLinux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4Shell\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cls -l\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728Shell\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff08\u5982*\u548c?\uff09\u6765\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u5b8c\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u4e86\u89e3Shell\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b66\u4e60shell shell\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h1>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff1aShell\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5e38\u89c1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\uff1aShell\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60Shell\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6279\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1aShell\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u6027\uff1aShell\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u522b\u540d\u548c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u6027\uff1aShell\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5305\u62ecLinux\u3001Unix\u3001macOS\u7b49\u3002\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u60a8\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982ping\u3001ssh\u3001ftp\u7b49\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1a\u7f16\u5199Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528shell<\/h1>\n
\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff08\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6563\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d6e\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u590d\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u7528C\uff0b\uff0b\u6216\u662fFORTRAN\u4ee3\u66ff\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6c42\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\uff08\u4f7f\u7528C\u6216\u8005\u662fJava\u4ee3\u66ff\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4efb\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u6076\u610f\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u7531\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\uff08Bash\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u7b28\u62d9\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u9010\u884c\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u826f\u597d\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u4f3c\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6811\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u56fe\u8c61\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6216\u662fsocket I\/O\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u80fd\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8bf7\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u2015\u2015Perl,Tcl,Python,Ruby\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982C\uff0cC\uff0b\uff0b\u6216\u8005\u662fJava\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Shell\u811a\u672c\u6765\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u7528\u539f\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Bash,\u5b83\u662f “Bourne-Again shell” \u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662fSetphen Bourne\u5199\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Bourne shell\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002Bash\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u7684UNIX\u4e0ashell\u7f16\u7a0b \u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0a\u7684 \u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u811a\u672c\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684Shell\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4Korn Shell\uff0cBash\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c [2] \u8fd8\u6709C Shell\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aC shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5df2\u7531Tom Christiansen\u57281993\u5e7410\u6708\u5728 Usenet post \u88ab\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\uff09<\/p>\n

4.shell\u811a\u672c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h1>\n

Shell\u811a\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88abShell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u811a\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5.sh\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aShell\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u53e5\uff0cShell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u811a\u672c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

Shell\u811a\u672c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6279\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7b80\u5316\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528Shell\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u5982\u4f55\u6765\u7528shell<\/h1>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Shell\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u4f7f\u7528Shell\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528.\/\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\uff08\u5982if\u3001case\uff09\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982for\u3001while\uff09\u7b49\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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6.\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528shell<\/h1>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Shell\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\uff1a\u5728Linux\u6216Mac\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6216PowerShell\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199Shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165ls\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efaShell\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ascript.sh\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199ls\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0Shebang\u884c\uff1a\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0Shebang\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shebang\u884c\u662f#!\/bin\/bash\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528Bash\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6Shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528.\/\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528.\/script.sh\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u540d\u4e3ascript.sh\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1aShell\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u4e86\u89e3Shell\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u719f\u6089\u5e38\u7528\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u7406\u89e3Shell\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

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7.shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b<\/h1>\n

\u662f\u7684\uff0cShell\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\u3002<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u662f\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\uff08CLI\uff09\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684Shell\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u5305\u62ecBash\u3001Zsh\u3001Ksh\u7b49\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\u91cf\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6279\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\uff1a\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff08GUI\uff09\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684Shell\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u952e\u76d8\u6765\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\u5305\u62ecGNOME Shell\u3001KDE Plasma\u3001Windows Shell\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u8fd8\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u754c\u9762\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Shell\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884cShell\u8fd8\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u5316Shell\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684Shell\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Shell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u901a\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

8.shell\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n

Shell\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

ls\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9
\ncd\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55
\npwd\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55
\nmkdir\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55
\nrm\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55
\ncp\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55
\nmv\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n

cat\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9
\ntail\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9
\nhead\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u5185\u5bb9
\nless\uff1a\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9
\ngrep\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f
\nsed\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u5904\u7406
\nawk\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a<\/p>\n

ps\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b
\ntop\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f
\nkill\uff1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b
\nshutdown\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf
\nifconfig\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3
\nping\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5
\nnetstat\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

wget\uff1a\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6
\ncurl\uff1a\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94
\nssh\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u534f\u8bae\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a
\nscp\uff1a\u5728\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\uff1a<\/p>\n

tar\uff1a\u6253\u5305\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6
\ngzip\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6
\ngunzip\uff1a\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6
\nzip\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u89e3\u538bZIP\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5e38\u7528\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u9605Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u6863\u6216\u4f7f\u7528man\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

9.shell\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n

Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0cShell\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shell\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n

Bourne Shell (sh)\uff1aBourne Shell \u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684Unix Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ecBourne Again Shell (bash)\u3001Korn Shell (ksh)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

Bourne Again Shell (bash)\uff1aBash\u662fLinux\u548cmacOS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684Shell\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9Bourne Shell\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u3001\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

Korn Shell (ksh)\uff1aKorn Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u5728Bourne Shell\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

C Shell (csh)\uff1aC Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ecTcsh (Tenex C Shell)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

Z Shell (zsh)\uff1aZ Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u5728Bash Shell\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u5b9a\u5236\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

Fish Shell\uff1aFish Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684Shell\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u9ad8\u4eae\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97Shell\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shell\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9bShell\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u53d8\u4f53\u3002\u6bcf\u79cdShell\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Shell\u3002<\/p>\n

10.Shell\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u73af\u5883<\/h1>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86Shell\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\uff08Login Shell\uff09\uff1a\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u662f\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u7684Shell\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982.bash_profile\u3001.bash_login\u3001.profile\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\uff08Non-login Shell\uff09\uff1a\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u662f\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u7684Shell\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6Shell\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u5b50Shell\u3002\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7236Shell\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\uff08Interactive Shell\uff09\uff1a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u662f\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684Shell\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u548c\u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0fShell\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\uff08Non-interactive Shell\uff09\uff1a\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u662f\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Shell\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u811a\u672c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u7684Shell\u3002\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6309\u7167\u811a\u672c\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7981\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b50Shell\uff08Subshell\uff09\uff1a\u5b50Shell\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5b50Shell\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7236Shell\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b50Shell\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e34\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6bb5\u811a\u672c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u811a\u672cShell\uff08Script Shell\uff09\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8fd0\u884cShell\u3002\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86Shell\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u914d\u7f6eShell\u3002<\/p>\n

11.Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u8303<\/h1>\n
\n

\u7f16\u5199Shell\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\uff1aShell\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5.sh\u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1ascript.sh\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u63cf\u8ff0\u811a\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u6dfb\u52a0\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u7248\u672c\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6216\u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u811a\u672c\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884cShell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528chmod\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1achmod +x script.sh\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d\uff1a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1amy_variable\u3002\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u91cf\u547d\u540d\uff1a\u5e38\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5206\u9694\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aMY_CONSTANT\u3002\u5e38\u91cf\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f29\u8fdb\u548c\u7a7a\u683c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f29\u8fdb\u548c\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u75284\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u7f29\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u811a\u672c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2aShell\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u7684Shell\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u811a\u672c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\uff1a\u5c06\u811a\u672c\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

12.Shell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h1>\n

\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002Shell\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u62ecPATH\uff08\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3001HOME\uff08\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3001USER\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u5305\u62ec\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u7b49\u4e8e\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u4e0e\u3001\u6216\u3001\u975e\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

if\u5224\u65ad\uff1a if\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002if\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

if \u6761\u4ef6\r\nthen\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c1\r\nelse\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c2\r\nfi\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c2\u3002<\/p>\n
for\u5faa\u73af\uff1a for\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002for\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
for \u53d8\u91cf in \u5217\u8868\r\ndo\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c\r\ndone\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
while\u5faa\u73af\uff1a while\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002while\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
while \u6761\u4ef6\r\ndo\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c\r\ndone\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n
case\u5faa\u73af\uff1a case\u5faa\u73af\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u503c\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002case\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
case \u53d8\u91cf in\r\n\u6a21\u5f0f1)\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c1\r\n    ;;\r\n\u6a21\u5f0f2)\r\n    \u64cd\u4f5c2\r\n    ;;\r\n*)\r\n    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\r\n    ;;\r\nesac\r\n<\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a \u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\uff1a \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662fShell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001if\u5224\u65ad\u3001for\u5faa\u73af\u3001while\u5faa\u73af\u3001case\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982command > file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528>>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982command >> file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528<\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5982command < file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u75282>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982command 2> file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u75282>&1\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5982command 2>&1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528$(command)\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982`var=$(command)`\u6216`var=`command\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
\n\u4f7f\u7528”\u6216’\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528$var\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528${var}\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528expr\u6216\u53cc\u62ec\u53f7(( ))\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u62fc\u63a5\u3001\u622a\u53d6\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528touch\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982touch file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528rm\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982rm file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528cp\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982cp file1 file2\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528mv\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982mv file1 file2\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528chmod\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5982chmod 755 file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528chown\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5982chown user file\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528chgrp\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\uff0c\u5982chgrp group file\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528-eq\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -eq $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-ne\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -ne $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-gt\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -gt $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-lt\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -lt $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-ge\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -ge $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-le\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u5982if [ $a -le $b ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-z\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5982if [ -z “$str” ]\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528-n\u5224\u65ad\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u5982if [ -n “$str” ]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528break\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528continue\u8df3\u8fc7\u672c\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662fShell\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u5e76\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u7528\u7684Shell\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
13.shell\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h1>\n
\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u636e\u3002Shell\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shell\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7=\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u8981\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5982var=value\uff1b
\n\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9690\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5b83\uff0c\u5982var=value\uff1b
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528$(command)\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982`var=$(command)`\u6216`var=`command\uff1b
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528$\u7b26\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982var=$HOME\uff1b
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982$0\u8868\u793a\u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0\uff0c$1\u3001$2\u7b49\u8868\u793a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c$#\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c$@\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5217\u8868\u7b49\uff1b
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528array=(value1 value2 value3)\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b
\n\u4f7f\u7528${array[index]}\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dindex\u8868\u793a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528$\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5982$var\u8868\u793a\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cfvar\u7684\u503c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7”\u6216\u5355\u5f15\u53f7’\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
14.shell\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h1>\n
\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548cShell\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n
$HOME\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002
\n$PATH\uff1a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002
\n$PWD\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
\n$USER\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002
\n$SHELL\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
\n$LANG\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002
\n$TERM\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\n$HOSTNAME\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002
\n$UID\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237ID\u3002
\n$GID\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7ec4ID\u3002
\n$RANDOM\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u3002
\n$PS1\uff1aShell\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528echo $HOME<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6539\u53d8Shell\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4fee\u6539$PATH<\/code>\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
15.shell\u548cpython\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h1>\n
Shell\u548cPython\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/p>\n
Shell\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ecWeb\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
Shell\u811a\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
Shell\u811a\u672c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u811a\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n
Shell\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n
Python\u5177\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n
Shell\u811a\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cShell\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u800cPython\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Shell\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6765\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
16.shell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u7c7b<\/h1>\n
\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Shell\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Global Environment Variables\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709Shell\u811a\u672c\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u901a\u8fc7export\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08User Environment Variables\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684Shell\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u522b\u540d\u7b49\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982.bashrc\u3001.bash_profile\uff09\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e34\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Temporary Environment Variables\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528export\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e34\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u811a\u672c\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Script-level Environment Variables\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2aShell\u811a\u672c\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u811a\u672c\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u7b49\u3002\u5728Shell\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u811a\u672c\u7ea7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Shell\u811a\u672c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u516c\u5171\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u751f\u6548\uff09\uff1a\/etc\/profile, \/etc\/bashrc<\/p>\n
\u4e2a\u4eba\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\uff1a~\/.bash_profile,~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n
\/etc\/profile\uff1a \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\/etc\/profile.d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u96c6shell\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\/etc\/bashrc\uff1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884cbash shell\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f53bash shell\u7ec8\u7aef\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
~\/.bash_profile\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4e13\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u7684.bashrc\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
~\/.bashrc\uff1a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e13\u5c5e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f60\u7684bash shell \u7684bash\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f53\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n
17.shell\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h1>\n
\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.\/script.sh\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dscript.sh\u662f\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff08\u4f7f\u7528chmod +x script.sh\u8d4b\u4e88\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982sh script.sh\uff08bash script.sh\uff09\u6216python script.py\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982. script.sh\u6216source script.sh\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5f53\u524dShell\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884cShell\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1.Shell\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f Shell\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1239"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1249,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions\/1249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}