{"id":30,"date":"2022-04-05T21:50:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T13:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=30"},"modified":"2022-08-02T13:29:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T05:29:57","slug":"linux%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=30","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4(a-c)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

apachectl<\/h1>\n

apachectl\u662fslackware\u5185\u9644Apache HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684script\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u4ed6Linux\u7684Apache HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
configtest\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\r\nfullstatus\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\r\ngraceful\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\r\nhelp\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\r\nrestart\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\r\nstart\uff1a\u542f\u52a8Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\r\nstatus\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6458\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\r\nstop\uff1a\u505c\u6b62Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/pre>\n
arpwatch<\/h1>\n
arpwatch\u53ef\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684ARP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901a\u8fc7E-mail\u6765\u62a5\u544a<\/h3>\n
-d\uff1a\u542f\u52a8\u6392\u9519\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\r\n-f<\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b58\u50a8ARP\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u4e3a\/var\/arpwatch\/arp.dat\u3002\r\n-i<\u63a5\u53e3>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u76d1\u542cARP\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4e3aeth0\u3002\r\n-r<\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6ARP\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u76d1\u542c\u3002\r\n-n\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\r\n-u\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\r\n-e\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684root\u7528\u6237\r\n-s\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237root<\/pre>\n
alias<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u5229\u7528alias\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002\u82e5\u4ec5\u8f93\u5165alias\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u522b\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u3000alias\u7684\u6548\u529b\u4ec5\u53ca\u4e8e\u8be5\u6b21\u767b\u5165\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5165\u662f\u5373\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u597d\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\/etc\/profile\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u7684~\/.bashrc\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/h3>\n
alias net\uff08\u968f\u4fbf\u5355\u8bcd\uff09='ll\u00a0 -ha'\r\nunalias: \u53d6\u6d88\u522b\u540d\r\nunalias net<\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6c38\u4e45\u522b\u540d<\/h4>\n
vim .\/.bashrc<\/pre>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f60\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u522b\u540d\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n
source ~\/.bashrc\r\n\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u522b\u540d\u5c31\u597d\u4f7f\u4e86<\/pre>\n
ar<\/h1>\n
ar \u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4ece\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6,ar\u53ef\u8ba9\u60a8\u96c6\u5408\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u7686\u4fdd\u6709\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n
\u6307\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
-d\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-m\uff1a\u53d8\u66f4\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\r\n-p\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\r\n-q\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u7aef\r\n-r\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63d2\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\r\n-t\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-x\uff1a\u81ea\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6<\/pre>\n
\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
a <\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63d2\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\r\nb<\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63d2\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\r\nc\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\r\nf\uff1a\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u957f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684ar\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\r\n\u622a\u6389\u8981\u653e\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fc7\u957f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\r\ni<\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63d2\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\r\no\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u671f\r\ns\uff1a\u82e5\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\r\nS\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\r\nu\uff1a\u53ea\u5c06\u65e5\u671f\u8f83\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u63d2\u5165\u5907\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\r\nv\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\r\nV\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5305 a.c b.c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
ar rv one.bak a.c b.c<\/span>\r\nar: \u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa one.bak\r\na - a.c\r\na - b.c<\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5305\u4ee5.c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
ar rv two.bak *.c\r\n<\/span>ar: \u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa two.bak\r\na - a.c\r\na - b.c\r\na - c.c\r\na - d.c<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n
ar t two.bak\r\n<\/span>a.c\r\nb.c\r\nc.c\r\nd.c<\/pre>\n
badblocks<\/h1>\n
\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\uff09\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u574f\u533a\u5757\u3002 device \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u540d\u5b57(\u4f8b\u5982 \/dev\/hdc1 ). blocks-count \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u603b\u7684\u533a\u5757\u6570\u76ee\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 start-block\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u4ece\u591a\u5c11\u533a\u5757\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u59cb<\/h3>\n
badblocks <\/span>[-<\/span>svw<\/span>][-<\/span>b <\/span><\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>][-<\/span>o <\/span><\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6>][\u78c1\u76d8\u88c5\u7f6e][\u78c1\u76d8\u533a\u5757\u6570][\u542f\u59cb\u533a\u5757]\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
-b<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\r\n-o<\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u5c06\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\r\n-s\uff1a\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u5ea6\u3002\r\n-v\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n-w\uff1a\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5199\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\r\n[\u78c1\u76d8\u88c5\u7f6e]\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\r\n[\u78c1\u76d8\u533a\u5757\u6570]\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u78c1\u76d8\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u533a\u5757\u603b\u6570\u3002\r\n[\u542f\u59cb\u533a\u5757]\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u5f00\u59cb\u68c0\u67e5<\/pre>\n
\u68c0\u6d4b\u574f\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/h4>\n
badblocks -b 4096 -o \/root\/sda1.bad \/dev\/sda1<\/pre>\n
\u68c0\u67e5”\/dev\/sda2″<\/strong><\/h4>\n
badblocks -s -v \/dev\/sda2<\/span>\r\nChecking blocks 0 to 30681000\r\nChecking for bad blocks (read-only test): 306809600674112\/ 306810000000\r\nPass completed, 37 bad blocks found.\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c37 bad blocks found\u201d\u8868\u793a\u786c\u76d8\u5b58\u5728\r\n37\u4e2a\u574f\u5757\u3002<\/pre>\n
\u7528badblocks\u7684\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u574f\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5199(\u6ce8\u610f!\u00a0-w\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6570\u636e)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
badblocks\u00a0-w\u00a0-f\u00a0\/dev\/sdb5\u00a016435904\u00a016435904<\/span><\/pre>\n
bind<\/h1>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u952e\u76d8\u6309\u952e\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n
bind <\/span>[-<\/span>dlv<\/span>][-<\/span>f <\/span><\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6>][-<\/span>m <\/span><\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e>][-<\/span>q <\/span><\u529f\u80fd>]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-d\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\r\n-f<\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\r\n-l\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\r\n-m<\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\r\n-q<\u529f\u80fd>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6309\u952e\u3002\r\n-v\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6309\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5176\u529f\u80fd<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6309\u952e\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
bind -l<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u7ec4\u5408\u6309\u952e\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h4>\n
bind -v<\/pre>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6309\u952e\u548c\u6309\u952e\u7ec4\u5408<\/strong><\/h4>\n
bind -q abort\r\nabort can be invoked via \"\\C-g\", \"\\C-x\\C-g\", \"\\e\\C-g\"<\/pre>\n
bzip2<\/h1>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u662f.bz2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684LZ77\/LZ78\u538b\u7f29\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5f97\u597d\u3002\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0cbzip2\u538b\u7f29\u5b8c\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f.bz2\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
bzip2 <\/span>[-<\/span>cdfhkLstvVz<\/span>][--<\/span>repetitive<\/span>-<\/span>best<\/span>][--<\/span>repetitive<\/span>-<\/span>fast<\/span>][-<\/span> \u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u7ea7]\r\n[\u8981\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6587\u4ef6]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-c\u6216--stdout\uff1a\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u9001\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\r\n-d\u6216--decompress\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3002\r\n-f\u6216--force\uff1abzip2\u5728\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u540d\uff0c\r\n\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n-h\u6216--help\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\r\n-k\u6216--keep\uff1abzip2\u5728\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\r\n\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n-s\u6216--small\uff1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002\r\n-t\u6216--test\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5.bz2\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\r\n-v\u6216--verbose\uff1a\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n-z\u6216--compress\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u3002\r\n-L,--license\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6761\u6b3e\u53ca\u6761\u4ef6\r\n-1 to -9\uff1a\u5728\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u5c06\u5757\u957f\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a 100 k\u3001200 k .. 900 k\u3002 \u5bf9\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\r\n-V\u6216--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n--repetitive-best\uff1a\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u6548\u679c\u3002\r\n--repetitive-fast\uff1a\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u52a0\u5feb\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\r\n-\u538b\u7f29\u7b49\u7ea7\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f<\/pre>\n
\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# bzip2 -z dmxsp.sh\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
\u538b\u7f29\u539f\u6587\u4fdd\u7559<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# bzip2 -kv dmxsp.sh\r\ndmxsp.sh: no data compressed.\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# bzip2 -t dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
bunzip2<\/h1>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u662f.bz2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u89e3\u538b\u7f29.bz2\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u3002bunzip2\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662fbzip2\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6267\u884cbunzip2\u4e0ebzip2 -d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c<\/h3>\n
bunzip2 [-fkLsvV][.bz2\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6]<\/pre>\n
-f\u6216--force\uff1a\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\r\n\u82e5\u8981\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n-k\u6216--keep\uff1a\u5728\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u540e\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6765\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\r\n-s\u6216--small\uff1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002\r\n-v\u6216--verbose\uff1a\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n-L,--license,-V\u6216--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b.bz2\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# bunzip2 -v dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
bzip2recover<\/h1>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u590d\u635f\u574f\u7684.bz2\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u533a\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u533a\u5757\u635f\u574f\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5229\u7528bzip2recover\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u533a\u5757\u9694\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u5728\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n
bzip2recover <\/span>[.<\/span>bz2 <\/span>\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6]<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u4fee\u590d.bz2\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# bzip2recover dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
cat<\/h1>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n
cat <\/span>[-<\/span>AbeEnstTuv<\/span>]<\/span> [--<\/span>help<\/span>]<\/span> [--<\/span>version<\/span>]<\/span> fileName<\/span><\/pre>\n
-A: \u67e5\u770b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\r\n-n: \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u884c\u53f7\r\n-E\uff1a\u6bcf\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5904\u663e\u793a $\r\n-b\uff1a\u548c -n \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u4e0d\u7f16\u53f7\r\n-v\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 ^ \u548c M- \u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 LFD \u548c TAB \u4e4b\u5916\r\n-T\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c06 TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u4e3a ^I\r\n-s\uff1a\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/pre>\n
chattr<\/h1>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u901a\u8fc7Root\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u9501\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662fchattr\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539ext2\u3001ext3\u3001ext4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237Root\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662flsattr\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5171\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b8\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
a\uff1a\u8ba9\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4ec5\u4f9b\u9644\u52a0\u7528\u9014\r\nb\uff1a\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\r\nc\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u5b58\u653e\r\nd\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6392\u9664\u5728\u503e\u5012\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916\r\ni\uff1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4efb\u610f\u66f4\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\r\ns\uff1a\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\r\nS\uff1a\u5373\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\r\nu\uff1a\u9884\u9632\u610f\u5916\u5220\u9664<\/pre>\n
chattr <\/span>[-<\/span>RV<\/span>][-<\/span>v<\/span><\u7248\u672c\u7f16\u53f7>][+<\/span>\/-\/<\/span>=<\u5c5e\u6027>][\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55...]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-R\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u5e76\u5904\u7406\r\n-v<\u7248\u672c\u7f16\u53f7>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7248\u672c\r\n-V\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n+<\u5c5e\u6027>\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be5\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\r\n-<\u5c5e\u6027>\uff1a\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be5\u9879\u5c5e\u6027\r\n=<\u5c5e\u6027>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be5\u9879\u5c5e\u6027<\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u4fee\u6539+i<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# chattr +i dmxsp.sh\r\n\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# mv dmxsp.sh dmxsp\r\nmv: cannot move \u2018dmxsp.sh\u2019 to \u2018dmxsp\/dmxsp.sh\u2019: Operation not permitted<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u770bchattr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# lsattr\r\n----i----------- .\/dmxsp.sh<\/pre>\n
\u53d6\u6d88-i\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u67e5\u770b<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chattr -i dmxsp.sh\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# lsattr\r\n---------------- .\/dmxsp.sh<\/pre>\n
\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u80fd\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u8ffd\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chattr +a dmxsp\/abc.txt\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# rm -rf dmxsp\/abc.txt \r\nrm: cannot remove \u2018dmxsp\/abc.txt\u2019: Operation not permitted<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u770bchattr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# lsattr dmxsp\/\r\n-----a---------- dmxsp\/abc.txt<\/pre>\n
chgrp<\/h1>\n
chgrp\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u62fc\uff1achange group\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u53d8\u66f4\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0e\u00a0chown\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cchgrp \u5141\u8bb8\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u5728 UNIX \u7cfb\u7edf\u5bb6\u65cf\u91cc\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 chgrp \u6307\u4ee4\u53bb\u53d8\u66f4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u91c7\u7528\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u7686\u53ef<\/h3>\n
chgrp <\/span>[-<\/span>cfhRv<\/span>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>][\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4][\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55...]<\/span> \u6216<\/span> \r\nchgrp <\/span>[-<\/span>cfhRv<\/span>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>reference<\/span>=<\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55>][--<\/span>version<\/span>][\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55...]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-c \u6216 --changes\uff1a\u6548\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\"-v\"\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u56de\u62a5\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u90e8\u5206\r\n-f \u6216 --quiet \u6216 --silent\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-h \u6216 --no-dereference\uff1a\u53ea\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-R \u6216 --recursive\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u5e76\u5904\u7406\r\n-v \u6216 --verbose\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n--help\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\r\n--reference=<\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55>\uff1a\u628a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u6210\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\r\n\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\r\n--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# chgrp -v dmxsp dmxsp.sh\r\nchanged group of \u2018dmxsp.sh\u2019 from root to dmxsp\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root dmxsp 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh<\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chgrp --reference=dmxsp.sh dmxsp.sh.bz2\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root dmxsp 0 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root dmxsp 14 Jun 18 21:50 dmxsp.sh.bz2<\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\uff08id\u53f7\uff09<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chgrp -R 100 dmxsp\/\r\n\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# ll dmxsp\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root users 73 May 20 22:35 dmxsp.gz\r\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root users 10367387 May 21 00:51 etc.tar.gz<\/pre>\n
chmod<\/h1>\n
\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
-R\uff1a\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\r\n-f\uff1a\u53bb\u9664\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-v\uff1a\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\u8bca\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u50cf<\/h3>\n
u\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6743\u9650\r\ng\uff1a\u540c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\r\no\uff1a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\r\na\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\uff09<\/pre>\n
\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
+\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u6743\u9650\r\n-\uff1a\u53d6\u6d88\u6743\u9650\r\n=\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6743\u9650<\/pre>\n
\u6743\u9650\u7c7b\u522b<\/h3>\n
r \u8bfb\u6743\u9650\r\nw \u5199\u6743\u9650\r\nx \u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\r\nX \u8868\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8be5\u6863\u6848\u662f\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u8005\u8be5\u6863\u6848\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\ns \u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u7ec4id\r\ni \u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/pre>\n
chown<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u8054\u7ec4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
chown <\/span>[-<\/span>cfhvR<\/span>]<\/span> [--<\/span>help<\/span>]<\/span> [--<\/span>version<\/span>]<\/span> user<\/span>[:<\/span>group<\/span>]<\/span> file<\/span>...<\/span><\/pre>\n
user : \u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ID\r\ngroup : \u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7ec4(group)\r\n-c : \u663e\u793a\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-f : \u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-h :\u4fee\u590d\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\r\n-v : \u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-R : \u5904\u7406\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\r\n--help : \u663e\u793a\u8f85\u52a9\u8bf4\u660e\r\n--version : \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c<\/pre>\n
chown -R dmxsp\uff1a\u4ec5\u53d8\u66f4\u5c5e\u4e3b\r\nchown -R .dmxsp\uff1a\u4ec5\u53d8\u66f4\u5c5e\u7ec4\r\nchown -R root.dmxsp\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u53d8\u66f4\u5c5e\u4e3b\u548c\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/pre>\n
cksum<\/h1>\n
CRC\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u9519\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be5\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7531CCITT\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u68c0\u6d4b\u523099 998%\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7531cksum\u6f14\u7b97\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u56de\u62a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u6838\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u662f\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a – \uff0c\u5219cksum\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4”cksum”\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6”dmxsp.sh”\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cksum dmxsp.sh\r\n4294967295 0 dmxsp.sh<\/pre>\n
cmp<\/h1>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5f53\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u4f1a\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5217\u6570\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u662f\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a”-“\uff0c\u5219cmp\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
cmp <\/span>[-<\/span>clsv<\/span>][-<\/span>i <\/span><\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u76ee>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6][\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6]<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5fc5\u8981\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
-c\u6216--print-chars\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u6807\u660e\u5dee\u5f02\u5904\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u7801\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\r\n-l\u6216--verbose\uff1a\u6807\u793a\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5730\u65b9\r\n-s\u6216--quiet\u6216--silent\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
-i<\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u76ee>\u6216--ignore-initial=<\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u76ee>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\r\n-v\u6216--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\r\n--help\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9<\/pre>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/h4>\n
0\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u540c\u6837\u7684\r\n1\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\r\n>1\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef<\/pre>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cmp dmxsp.sh dmxsp1.sh \r\ndmxsp.sh dmxsp1.sh differ: byte 1, line 1<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cmp -l dmxsp.sh dmxsp1.sh \r\n1 141 61\r\n3 142 62\r\n5 143 63\r\n7 144 64\r\n9 12 65\r\ncmp: EOF on dmxsp.sh<\/pre>\n
cut<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u7b97\u8d77 num1 \u5230 num2 \u7684\u6587\u5b57<\/h3>\n
cut  <\/span>[-<\/span>bn<\/span>]<\/span> [<\/span>file<\/span>]\u3001<\/span>cut <\/span>[-<\/span>c<\/span>]<\/span> [<\/span>file<\/span>]\u3001<\/span>cut <\/span>[-<\/span>df<\/span>]<\/span> [<\/span>file<\/span>]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-b\uff1a\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e5f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 -n \u6807\u5fd7\r\n-c\uff1a\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\r\n-d\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5236\u8868\u7b26\r\n-f\uff1a\u4e0e-d\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\r\n-n\uff1a\u53d6\u6d88\u5206\u5272\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u4ec5\u548c -b \u6807\u5fd7\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u843d\u5728\u7531 \r\n-b \u6807\u5fd7\u7684 List \u53c2\u6570\u6307\u793a\u7684\r\n\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u51fa\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u6392\u9664<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -b 1 | head -3\r\nr\r\nb\r\nd<\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -b 1-5 | head -3\r\nroot:\r\nbin:x\r\ndaemo<\/pre>\n
\u4ee5:\u5206\u5272\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -f1 -d \":\" | head -3\r\nroot\r\nbin\r\ndaemon<\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -c4 | head -3\r\nt\r\n:\r\nm<\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat \/etc\/passwd | cut -c4,6 | head -3\r\ntx\r\n::\r\nmn<\/pre>\n
col<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591aUNIX\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u6709RLF\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528shell\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26”>”\u548c”>>”\uff0c\u628a\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e71\u7801\uff0ccol\u6307\u4ee4\u5219\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6ee4\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26<\/h3>\n
col <\/span>[-<\/span>bfx<\/span>][-<\/span>l<\/span><\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5217\u6570>]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-b\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ecRLF\u548cHRLF\r\n-f\uff1a\u6ee4\u9664RLF\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06HRLF\u5b57\u7b26\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\r\n-x\uff1a\u4ee5\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8df3\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\r\n-l<\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5217\u6570>\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6709128\u5217\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/pre>\n
col \u6240\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u8f66\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u503c\u90fd\u5217\u5728\u4e0b\u9762<\/h3>\n
ESC-7\u00a0 \u00a0\u53cd\u5411\u6362\u884c\u7b26(escape\u540e\u63a57) \r\nESC-8\u00a0 \u00a0\u53cd\u5411\u534a\u6362\u884c\u7b26(escape\u540e\u63a58) \r\nESC-9\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b63\u5411\u534a\u6362\u884c\u7b26(escape\u540e\u63a59) \r\nbackspace\u00a0 \u00a0\u53cd\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u5217(8);\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5219\u5ffd\u7565. \r\ncarriage return\u00a0 \u00a0(13) \r\nnewline\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b63\u5411\u6362\u884c\u7b26(10);\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u56de\u8f66(carriage return)\u64cd\u4f5c \r\nshift in\u00a0 \u00a0\u8f6c\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6(15) \r\nshift out\u00a0 \u00a0\u8f6c\u5230\u5907\u9009\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6(14) \r\nspace\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b63\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u5217(32) \r\ntab\u00a0 \u00a0\u6b63\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2atab(9) \r\nvertical tab\u00a0 \u00a0\u53cd\u5411\u6362\u884c\u7b26(11) \r\n\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u548cescape\u5e8f\u5217\r\n\u5f53\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6, col \u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb,\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684<\/pre>\n
\u5c06cp\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3acp.man\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-b \u53c2\u6570\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# man cp | col > cp.man<\/pre>\n
colrm<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u6ee4\u6389\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c,\u6307\u4ee4\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u884c<\/h3>\n
colrm <\/span>[\u5f00\u59cb\u884c\u6570\u7f16\u53f7<\u7ed3\u675f\u884c\u6570\u7f16\u53f7>]<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7b2c4 \u5217\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# colrm 4 < passwd | head -3\r\nroo\r\nbin\r\ndae<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u5220\u9664\u7b2c4\u5217\u5230\u7b2c6\u5217\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# colrm 4 6 < passwd | head -3\r\nroo:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\r\nbin1:1:bin:\/bin:\/sbin\/nologin\r\ndae:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:\/sbin\/nologin<\/pre>\n
comm<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u8fc7\u5e8f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6,\u8fd9\u9879\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e00\u5217\u5217\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u6210 3 \u5217\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u662f\u4ec5\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u7b2c 3 \u5217\u5219\u662f\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u4e0e\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\u3002\u82e5\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0–<\/span>\u00a0\uff0c\u5219 comm \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
comm <\/span>[-<\/span>123<\/span>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>][\u7b2c<\/span>1<\/span>\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6][\u7b2c<\/span>2<\/span>\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-1\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\r\n-2\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\r\n-3\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ea\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u548c\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5217\r\n--help\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\r\n--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
dmxsp.sh\u4e0e dmxsp1.sh\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat dmxsp.sh \r\naaa\r\nbbb\r\nccc\r\nddd\r\neee\r\n111\r\n222\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# cat dmxsp1.sh \r\nbbb\r\nccc\r\naaa\r\nhhh\r\nttt\r\njjj<\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c comm \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# comm dmxsp.sh dmxsp1.sh \r\naaa\r\nbbb\r\nccc\r\ncomm: file 2 is not in sorted order\r\naaa\r\nddd\r\neee\r\ncomm: file 1 is not in sorted order\r\n111\r\n222\r\nhhh\r\nttt\r\njjj<\/pre>\n
csplit<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5272\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4f9d\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u4e88\u4ee5\u5207\u5272\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u540d\u79f0\u4e3axx00,xx01,xx02…\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a”-“\uff0c\u5219csplit\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
csplit <\/span>[-<\/span>kqsz<\/span>][-<\/span>b<\/span><\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f>][-<\/span>f<\/span><\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32>]<\/span>\r\n[-<\/span>n<\/span><\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f4d\u6570>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>][\u6587\u4ef6][\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f...]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-b<\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f>\u6216--suffix-format=<\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f>\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\r\nxx00,xx01...\u7b49\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8<\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f>\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\r\n-f<\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32>\u6216--prefix=<\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32>\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\r\nxx00,xx01...\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e3a\"hello\"\uff0c\r\n\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210hello00,hello01...\u7b49\r\n-k\u6216--keep-files\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e2d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f93\u51fa\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-n<\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f4d\u6570>\u6216--digits=<\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f4d\u6570>\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f4d\u6570\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\r\nxx00,xx01...\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a\"3\"\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\r\nxx000,xx001...\u7b49\r\n-q\u6216-s\u6216--quiet\u6216--silent\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n-z\u6216--elide-empty-files\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a0 Byte\u6587\u4ef6\r\n--help\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\r\n--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6dmxsp.sh\u4ee5\u7b2c 3 \u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u754c\u70b9\u5207\u5272\u6210\u4e24\u4efd<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cat dmxsp.sh\r\naaa\r\nbbb\r\nccc\r\nddd\r\neee\r\n111\r\n222\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# csplit dmxsp.sh 3\r\n8\r\n20\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# cat xx00\r\naaa\r\nbbb\r\n[root@dmxsp ~]# cat xx01 \r\nccc\r\nddd\r\neee\r\n111\r\n222<\/pre>\n
cd<\/h1>\n
\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55,\u7c7b\u4f3cwindows\u53cc\u51fb\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6267\u884ccd,\u4f1a\u56de\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n
. \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\r\n.. \u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\r\n~ \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\r\n- \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/pre>\n
[root@localhost ~]# cd \/etc\/\r\n[root@localhost etc]# cd .\r\n[root@localhost etc]# cd ..\r\n[root@localhost \/]# cd ~\r\n[root@localhost ~]# cd -\r\n\/\r\n[root@localhost \/]#<\/pre>\n
cfdisk<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6765\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u5341\u5206\u7c7b\u4f3cDOS\u7684fdisk\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u52a8\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u754c\u9762\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u7edffdisk\u7684\u95ee\u7b54\u5f0f\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u6765\u64cd\u63a7\u5206\u533a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
cfdisk <\/span>[-<\/span>avz<\/span>][-<\/span>c <\/span><\u67f1\u9762\u6570\u76ee>-<\/span>h <\/span><\u78c1\u5934\u6570\u76ee>-<\/span>s <\/span><\u76d8\u533a\u6570\u76ee>][-<\/span>P <\/span><<\/span>r<\/span>,<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span>t<\/span>>]\r\n[\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee3\u53f7]<\/span><\/pre>\n
-a\uff1a\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u4e0d\u7528\u53cd\u767d\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\r\n-c<\u67f1\u9762\u6570\u76ee>\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565BIOS\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u67f1\u9762\u6570\u76ee\r\n-h<\u78c1\u5934\u6570\u76ee>\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565BIOS\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u78c1\u5934\u6570\u76ee\r\n-P<r,s,t>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5206\u533a\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\"r\"\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u8868\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\r\n\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\"s\"\u4f1a\u4f9d\u7167\u78c1\u533a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\"t\"\u5219\u4f1a\u4ee5\u78c1\u5934\uff0c\r\n\u78c1\u533a\uff0c\u67f1\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u663e\u793a\u8d44\u6599\r\n-s<\u78c1\u533a\u6570\u76ee>\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565BIOS\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u78c1\u533a\u6570\u76ee\r\n-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-z\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f53\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528<\/pre>\n
\u8fdb\u884c\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cfdisk<\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u884c\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7bad\u5934\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u767d\u8868\u793a<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cfdisk -a<\/pre>\n
chsh<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u6539\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 shell \u8bbe\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
-s, --shell\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a \u7528\u6237\u7684 \u767b\u5f55 shell\r\n-l, --list-shells\uff1a\u663e\u793a \/etc\/shells \u4e2d\u7684 shell \u5217\u8868, \u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\r\n-u, --help\uff1a\u663e\u793a \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5, \u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\r\n-v, --version\uff1a\u663e\u793a \u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f, \u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa<\/pre>\n
\u5fc5\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684shell<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chsh \r\nChanging shell for root.\r\nNew shell [\/bin\/bash]: \/bin\/sh     #\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684shell\u5730\u5740\r\nShell changed.<\/pre>\n
\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237shell,\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \/bin\/sh<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chsh -s \/bin\/sh \r\nChanging shell for root.\r\nShell not changed.<\/pre>\n
clear<\/h1>\n
\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u7ec8\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5feb\u6377\u952e Ctrl+L \u6e05\u9664\u5c4f\u5e55<\/h3>\n
chroot<\/h1>\n
\u628a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6362\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n
\u6539\u53d8\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\/mnt\/usb\/\u4e0b\u9762<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]#chroot \/mnt\/usb\/<\/pre>\n
clock<\/h1>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c<\/h3>\n
\u5fc5\u8981\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n
--adjust \u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\r\n--debug \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n--directisa \u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/rtc\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u53d6\r\n--getepoch \u8f93\u51fa\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\r\n--hctosys \u65f6\u949f\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u949f\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u540c\u6b65\r\n--se--date \u8bbe\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\r\n--show \u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\r\n--systohc \u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\u5165\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\r\n--test \u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\r\n--utc \u5c06\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTC<\/pre>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n
-setepoch-epoch=<\u5e74\u4efd> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\r\n--version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# clock\r\nSat 25 Jun 2022 11:00:50 PM +08 -0.115869 seconds<\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793autc\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# clock --utc\r\nSat 25 Jun 2022 11:01:00 PM +08 -0.790326 seconds<\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# clock --set --date=\"05\/04\/2022 14:30:01\"<\/pre>\n
cp<\/h1>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n
-r\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236,\u652f\u6301\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\r\n-p\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u539f\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\r\n-v\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n-a\uff1a\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\r\n\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7b49\u4e8edpR\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\r\n-d\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\r\n-f\uff1a\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\r\n-i\uff1a\u4e0e\u00a0-f\u00a0\u9009\u9879\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u8986\u76d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\r\n\u56de\u7b54\u00a0y<\/span>\u00a0\u65f6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\r\n-l\uff1a\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u6210\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/pre>\n
\u590d\u5236\u524d\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u6765\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cp -p --parents \/usr\/search\/tdk\/Formatter.php \/tmp\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u76ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u65b0\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]#\u00a0 <\/span>cp -u -v file1 file2<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06test.rb copy\u5230test\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]#\u00a0<\/span>cp -p test.rb \/home\/test<\/pre>\n
\u5c06Dir\u76ee\u5f55copy\u5230test\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# <\/span>cp -r Dir\/ \/home\/test<\/pre>\n
\u5c06Dir\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5f3a\u5236copy\u5230test\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# <\/span>cp -fr Dir\/* \/home\/test<\/pre>\n
\u5907\u4efdtest.rb\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u52a0\u4e0a.bak\u540e\u7f00<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# <\/span>cp test.rb{,.bak}<\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u201c\\\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u8986\u76d6\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u9192<\/h4>\n
 [root@dmxsp ~]# <\/span>\\cp -rf \/root\/downloads\/* \/tmp\/123\/<\/span><\/pre>\n
chkconfig<\/h1>\n
\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1,\u8fd9\u662fRed Hat\u516c\u53f8\u9075\u5faaGPL\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u7c7b\u5e38\u9a7b\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/h3>\n
chkconfig <\/span>[--<\/span>add<\/span>][--<\/span>del<\/span>][--<\/span>list<\/span>][\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1]<\/span> \u6216<\/span> \r\nchkconfig <\/span>[--<\/span>level <\/span><\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ee3\u53f7>][\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1][<\/span>on<\/span>\/<\/span>off<\/span>\/<\/span>reset<\/span>]<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5fc5\u8981\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
--add\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba9 chkconfig \u6307\u4ee4\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\uff0c\r\n\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\r\n--del\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7531 chkconfig \u6307\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\r\n\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\r\n--list\uff1a\u5217\u51fachkconfig\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1<\/pre>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n
--level<\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ee3\u53f7>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfb\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8981\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u6bd5\r\n--help\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\r\n--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chkconfig --list<\/pre>\n
\u5c06httpd\u52a0\u5165\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chkconfig httpd on\r\nNote: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable httpd.service'.\r\nCreated symlink from \/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.\r\nwants\/httpd.service to \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service.<\/pre>\n
\u5173\u95edhttpd\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chkconfig httpd off\r\nNote: Forwarding request to 'systemctl disable httpd.service'.\r\nRemoved symlink \/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.wants\/httpd.service<\/pre>\n
\u5217\u51fahttpd\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# chkconfig –list httpd<\/p>\n
compress<\/h1>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u201cLempress-Ziv\u201d\u7f16\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002compress\u662f\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5b83\u538b\u7f29\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u591a\u51fa”.Z”\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u3002\u5f53\u8981\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u6267\u884cuncompress\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0auncompress\u662f\u6307\u5411compress\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7compress\u6307\u4ee4\u5355\u72ec\u5b8c\u6210<\/h3>\n
-c\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u81f3\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u8367\u5e55\uff09\r\n-f\uff1a\u5f3a\u8feb\u5199\u5165\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u82e5\u76ee\u7684\u6863\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6 (force)\r\n-v\uff1a\u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u5370\u5728\u8367\u5e55\u4e0a (verbose)\r\n-r\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\r\n-b\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u5b57\u4e32\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f4d\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u4e3a 9 \u81f3 16 bits \u3002\r\n\u7531\u4e8e\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5b57\u4e32\u5c31 \u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u503c \r\n16 bits (bits)\r\n-d\uff1a\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u6863\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\r\n-V\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u7248\u672c\u8baf\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6d88\u5931<\/h4>\n
compress srcfile<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u538b\u7f29\u6216\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n
compress -v srcfile \u6216compress -v -d dstfile.Z<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u6210\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u7559<\/h4>\n
compress -c srcfile > dstfile.Z<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u6210\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u6d88\u5931<\/h4>\n
compress -d dstfile.Z\u00a0 \u6216 uncompress dstfile.Z<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u89e3\u538b\u6210\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u4fdd\u7559<\/h4>\n
compress -d -c dstfile.Z > srcfile \u6216 zcat dstfile.Z > srcfile<\/span><\/pre>\n
cpio<\/h1>\n
cpio\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ececpio\u6216tar\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u5305(archive)\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6, \u5f52\u6863\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6, \u5b83 \u7531\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7ec4\u6210, \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d, \u5c5e\u4e3b, \u65f6\u6807(timestamp), \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650. \u5f52\u6863\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6, \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u78c1\u5e26\u6216\u7ba1\u9053<\/h3>\n
cpio <\/span>[-<\/span>0aABckLovV<\/span>][-<\/span>C <\/span><\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u5c0f>][-<\/span>F <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u6863>][-<\/span>H <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u683c\u5f0f>][-<\/span>O <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u6863>]\r\n[--<\/span>block<\/span>-<\/span>size<\/span>=<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>][--<\/span>force<\/span>-<\/span>local<\/span>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>quiet<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>]<\/span> \r\n\u6216<\/span> cpio <\/span>[-<\/span>bBcdfikmnrsStuvV<\/span>][-<\/span>C <\/span><\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u5c0f>][-<\/span>E <\/span><\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>][-<\/span>F <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u6863>]\r\n[-<\/span>H <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u683c\u5f0f>][-<\/span>I <\/span><\u5907\u4efd\u6863>][-<\/span>M <\/span><\u56de\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f>][-<\/span>R <\/span><\u62e5\u6709\u8005><:\/.><\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4>]\r\n[--<\/span>block<\/span>-<\/span>size<\/span>=<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>][--<\/span>force<\/span>-<\/span>local<\/span>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>no<\/span>-<\/span>absolute<\/span>-<\/span>filenames<\/span>]\r\n[--<\/span>no<\/span>-<\/span>preserve<\/span>-<\/span>owner<\/span>][--<\/span>only<\/span>-<\/span>verify<\/span>-<\/span>crc<\/span>][--<\/span>quiet<\/span>][--<\/span>sparse<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>]\r\n[\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f...]<\/span> \u6216<\/span> \r\ncpio <\/span>[-<\/span>0adkiLmpuvV<\/span>][-<\/span>R <\/span><\u62e5\u6709\u8005><:\/.><\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4>][--<\/span>help<\/span>][--<\/span>no<\/span>-<\/span>preserve<\/span>-<\/span>owner<\/span>]\r\n[--<\/span>quiet<\/span>][--<\/span>sparse<\/span>][--<\/span>version<\/span>][\u76ee\u7684\u76ee]<\/span><\/pre>\n
cpio\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\u5728copy-out\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d, cpio \u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u4e2d.\u5b83\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868, \u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d. \u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f52\u6863\u5305 \u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa. \u4ea7\u751f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528find\u547d\u4ee4; \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5728find\u540e\u9762\u7528\u4e0a-depth\u9009\u9879, \u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5165\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6<\/p>\n
\u5728copy-in<\/span>\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d,cpio<\/span>\u4ece\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6,<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u5217\u51fa\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9,<\/span>\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u6765\u81ea\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165.<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u9009\u9879\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3ashell<\/span>\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32(globbingpattern);<\/span>\u5728\u5f52\u6863\u5305\u4e2d,<\/span>\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6.<\/span>\u548cshell<\/span>\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837,<\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u7684‘.’<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26,<\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7684‘\/’<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u901a\u914d\u7b26.<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32,<\/span>\u90a3\u4e48\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n
\u5728copy-pass<\/span>\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d,cpio<\/span>\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u4e00\u68f5\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u68f5,<\/span>\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86copy-in<\/span>\u548ccopy-out<\/span>\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c,<\/span>\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5f52\u6863\u5305.cpio<\/span>\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u6b32\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868;<\/span>\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u975e\u9009\u9879\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n
-0\u6216--null\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u589e\u5217\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5408find\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\"-print0\"\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\r\n-a\u6216--reset-access-time\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\r\n-A\u6216--append\uff1a\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\r\n\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u653e\u7f6e\u4e8e\u78c1\u5e26\u673a\u91cc\r\n-b\u6216--swap\uff1a\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\"-sS\"\u53c2\u6570\u76f8\u540c\r\n-B\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u6539\u62105210 Bytes\r\n-c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7ASCII\u5907\u4efd\u683c\u5f0f\r\n-C<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>\u6216--io-size=<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662fByte\r\n-d\u6216--make-directories\uff1a\u5982\u6709\u9700\u8981cpio\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u76ee\u5f55\r\n-E<\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>\u6216--pattern-file=<\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\r\n\u8ba9cpio\u89e3\u5f00\u7b26\u5408\u8303\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5217\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\r\n-f\u6216--nonmatching\uff1a\u8ba9cpio\u89e3\u5f00\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8303\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-F<\u5907\u4efd\u6863>\u6216--file=<\u5907\u4efd\u6863>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\r\n\u4e5f\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u5b58\u53d6\u5907\u4efd\u6863\r\n-H<\u5907\u4efd\u683c\u5f0f>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u6b32\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\r\n-i\u6216--extract\uff1a\u6267\u884ccopy-in\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5907\u4efd\u6863\r\n-l<\u5907\u4efd\u6863>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\r\n\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u5907\u4efd\u6863\r\n-k\uff1a\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u4e88\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u51b3cpio\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\r\n-l\u6216--link\uff1a\u4ee5\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u4ee3\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u5728copy-pass\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8fd0\u7528\r\n-L\u6216--dereference\uff1a\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-m\u6216preserve-modification-time\uff1a\u4e0d\u53bb\u66f4\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\r\n-M<\u56de\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f>\u6216--message=<\u56de\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u6362\u4fdd\u5b58\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\r\n-n\u6216--numeric-uid-gid\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\"-tv\"\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u51fa\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\"-n\"\uff0c\r\n\u5219\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u66ff\u4ee3\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\r\n-o\u6216--create\uff1a\u6267\u884ccopy-out\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5907\u4efd\u6863\r\n-O<\u5907\u4efd\u6863>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u501f\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\r\n\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u5b58\u653e\u5907\u4efd\u6863\r\n-p\u6216--pass-throug\uff1a\u6267\u884ccopy-pass\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7565\u8fc7\u5907\u4efd\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\r\n-r\u6216--rename\uff1a\u5f53\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\r\n-R<\u62e5\u6709\u8005><:\/.><\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4>\u6216----owner<\u62e5\u6709\u8005><:\/.><\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4>\uff1a\u5728copy-in\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd8\u539f\r\n\u5907\u4efd\u6863\uff0c\u6216copy-pass\u6a21\u5f0f\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\r\n-s\u6216--swap-bytes\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u6bcf\u5bf9\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\r\n-S\u6216--swap-halfwords\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u6bcf\u534a\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\r\n-t\u6216--list\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\r\n-u\u6216--unconditional\uff1a\u7f6e\u6362\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u65e7\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u7686\u4e0d\u4e88\u8be2\u95ee\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\r\n-v\u6216--verbose\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\r\n-V\u6216--dot\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\".\"\u53f7\r\n--block-size=<\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u503c\u4e3a5\uff0c\r\n\u5219\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a2500\uff0c\u82e5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u621010\uff0c\u5219\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a5120\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\r\n--force-local\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\r\n--help\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\r\n--no-absolute-filenames\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\r\n--no-preserve-owner\uff1a\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u8c01\u89e3\u5f00\u4e86\u5907\u4efd\u6863\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u5f52\u8c01\u6240\u6709\r\n-only-verify-crc\uff1a\u5f53\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u91c7\u7528CRC\u5907\u4efd\u683c\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u67e5\u5907\u4efd\u6863\u5185\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\r\n\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\r\n--quiet\uff1a\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u533a\u5757\r\n--sparse\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fde\u7eed0\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u6210\u7a00\u758f\u6587\u4ef6\r\n--version\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/pre>\n
\u5907\u4efd\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# ls|cpio -o > \/home\/dmxsp\/test.cpio<\/pre>\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# cpio -i < \/home\/dmxsp\/test.cpio<\/pre>\n
\u627e\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5305\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2acpio\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n
find . -depth | cpio -ocvB > backup.cpio\u00a0\r\nfind .-depth-print | cpio -ocvB > backup.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3ainittab\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u5165initrd.cpio\u5305\u4e2d<\/h4>\n
find . -name inittab -depth | cpio -ovcB -A -F initrd.cpio<\/span>\r\nfind . -name inittab -depth | cpio -ovcB -A -O initrd.cpio<\/span>\r\nfind . -name inittab -depth | cpio -ovcB -A --quiet  -O  initrd.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u4e0d\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u201c\/”<\/h4>\n
cpio --absolute-filenames -vtc < boot.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u6e05\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684<\/h4>\n
cpio --no-absolute-filenames -vtc < boot.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u89e3\u538b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027\u6539\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/h4>\n
cpio --absolute-filenames -icvu < test.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u89e3\u538b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n
cpio --absolute-filenames -icvum < test.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b<\/h4>\n
cpio  -icvu < test.cpio <\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u89e3\u5305cpio\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u89e3\u5305\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u66f4\u540d<\/h4>\n
cpio -icvdu -r < grub.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u5c06cpio\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u538b\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n
cpio -icvu --to-stdout < grub.cpio<\/span><\/pre>\n
\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/h4>\n
find . -depth| cpio -R ruanxi:ruanxi -pL  \/backup\/<\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":752,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions\/752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}