{"id":406,"date":"2022-06-15T20:16:15","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T12:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=406"},"modified":"2022-08-02T13:40:05","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T05:40:05","slug":"linux-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=406","title":{"rendered":"Linux-\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\uff1f<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u6240\u8c13\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0e\u7269\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u4fe1
<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
<\/span><\/span>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u7f51\u7edc
<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc
<\/span>\u8fd0\u7ef4\u751f\u6daf50%\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6545\u969c\u90fd\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u8baf<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1.<\/span>\u5728\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4f20\u8f93\u4ecb\u8d28(\u7f51\u7ebf\u3001\u5149\u7ea4\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u7b49)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n


<\/span>2.<\/span>\u5728\u4e24\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u9762\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u5907
<\/span>\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff1a\u5c06\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\uff08\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09 \u00a0 #\u8c03\u81f3\u8fc7\u7a0b
<\/span>\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff1a\u5c06\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\uff08\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\uff09 #\u89e3\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b
<\/span>3<\/span>.\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u534f\u5546\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3002
<\/span>\u7f51\u5361\u901f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570 \u00a0100Mbps<\/span>==<\/span>100M bit \u6bcf\u79d2==<\/span>\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u4f20\u8f93\u591a\u5c11\u4e2abit\uff080\u62161\uff09100000k<\/span>==<\/span>100000000<\/span> bit\/s<\/span>=<\/span>1bit\/xxns
\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u6bd4\u7279 bit \u00a0 \u00a01bit<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>\/8byte
\u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b57\u8282 byte \u00a0 1byte<\/span>=<\/span>8bit<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2. \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u8bf4\u660e\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u591a\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u8baf
<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u8baf
<\/span><\/span>1<\/span>. \u5728\u6570\u636e\u524d\u9762\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u7528mac\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bc6
<\/span>mac\u79f0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6bcf\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u7684
<\/span>mac\u5730\u5740\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0cmac\u5730\u5740\u752816\u8fdb\u5236\u6807\u8bc6
<\/span>2<\/span>. \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8baf\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u53bb\u6709\u56de\u7684\u3002
<\/span>\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u673a\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u95ee\u9898
<\/span>\u89e3\u51b3\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u95ee\u9898\u601d\u8def
<\/span><\/span>\u51cf\u5c11\u5e7f\u64ad\u4ea7\u751f\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u5207\u5272\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff09
<\/span>\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b
<\/span><\/span>\u50bb\u74dc\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff08TP-link\/Dlink\/\u6c34\u661f…\uff09
<\/span>\u7a0b\u63a7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u601d\u79d1\u3001\u534e\u4e3a\u3001\u534e\u4e09\uff09<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9694\u79bb\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\uff08\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff09
<\/span>\u8def\u7531\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4eceA\u5730\u53bb\u5f80B\u5730\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6b65\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u5750\u8f66\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u98de\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbeB\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u6bcf\u6761\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8def\u5f84
<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1aip\u5730\u5740
<\/span>\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5730\u5740\/\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\uff09 \u5229\u752810\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u793a
<\/span>IP\u5730\u5740\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210: \u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f+<\/span>\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f===<\/span>\u7f51\u6bb5\u5730\u5740+<\/span>\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740
<\/span>\u5185\u7f51\u5361—\u4ea4\u6362\u673a \u00a0 192<\/span>.168.11.0\/24(192.168.11.1~192.168.11.254)
<\/span>\u5916\u7f51\u5361—\u8fd0\u8425\u5546 \u00a0 122<\/span>.71.227.79(\u94c1\u901a)
<\/span>\u67e5\u516c\u7f51ip\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
<\/span>windows\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u767e\u5ea6\uff0c\u641cIP\u5373\u53ef
<\/span>linux\uff1acurl ifconfig.me
<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0a\u7f51\u884c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u8def\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901a\u8baf\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8def\u7531
<\/span>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8baf\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\u4fe1\u606f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# route -n
<\/span><\/span>Kernel IP routing table
<\/span>Destination \u00a0 \u00a0 Gateway \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Genmask \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Flags Metric Ref \u00a0 Use Iface
<\/span>0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10<\/span>.0.0.254 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 UG \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>10<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.255.0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>169<\/span>.254.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 1002<\/span> \u00a0 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>169<\/span>.254.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 1003<\/span> \u00a0 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth1
<\/span>172<\/span>.16.1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.255.0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth1<\/span><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
[root@dmxsp ~]# netstat -rn
<\/span><\/span>Kernel IP routing table
<\/span>Destination \u00a0 \u00a0 Gateway \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Genmask \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Flags \u00a0 MSS Window irtt Iface
<\/span>0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10<\/span>.0.0.254 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 UG \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>10<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.255.0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>169<\/span>.254.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth0
<\/span>169<\/span>.254.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth1
<\/span>172<\/span>.16.1.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span>.0.0.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 255<\/span>.255.255.0 \u00a0 U \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0<\/span> 0<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a00<\/span> eth1<\/span><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff1a\u6240\u80fd\u53bb\u5f80\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\uff1a0.0.0.0 \u901a\u8fc7\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5373\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe<\/span>10<\/span>.0.0.254 \u60f3\u53bb\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173
<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\uff1a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff08\u544a\u8bc9\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u5c11\u4e3b\u673a\uff09
<\/span>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u51fa\u53bb<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u533a\u522b<\/b><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e,\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\/\u7f51\u6bb5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/td>\r\n\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e,\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\/\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u662fmac\u5730\u5740<\/td>\r\n\u8bc6\u522b\u7684ip\u5730\u5740<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4<\/td>\r\n\u9694\u79bb\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e324\/48\/<\/td>\r\n\u63a5\u53e3\u8f83\u5c114\/8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
mac\u5730\u5740\u7f13\u5b58\u8868(\u6307\u8def)<\/td>\r\n\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee(\u9759\u6001\/\u52a8\u6001)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c42\u6b21: \u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a \u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/td>\r\n\u4e09\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
3. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784
<\/span>\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5916\u7f51\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5177\u5907\u5197\u4f59\u80fd\u529b
<\/span>\u6c47\u805a\u5c42\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 \u8fdb\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u6c47\u805a
<\/span>\u63a5\u5165\u5c42\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u5165<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u4e00\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1a\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u534f\u8bae
<\/span>\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae
<\/span>\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff1a\u672c\u5730\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u79f0\u4e3a\u56ed\u533a\u7f51
<\/span> \u57ce\u57df\u7f51\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u57ce\u57df\u7f51
<\/span>\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff1a\u8986\u76d6\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6216\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u5c31\u662fInternet\u4e92\u8054\u7f51<\/span><\/p>\r\n
4.OSI 7\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h1>\r\n
\u8be6\u89e3
<\/b><\/h2>\r\n
OSI\u662fOpen System Interconnection\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ISO\uff09\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86OSI\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e92\u8054\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u3002OSI\u6a21\u578b\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a7\u5c42\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/span><\/p>\r\n
<\/b>\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/b><\/p>\r\n
 <\/p>\r\n
\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
\u5c01\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u7531\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5
<\/span>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42 PDU \u6570\u636e
<\/span>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1a\u5206\u6bb5 TCP\u534f\u8bae
\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u6253\u5305 TCP\u534f\u8bae+<\/span>IP\u5730\u5740
\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42:\u6210\u5e27 TCP\u534f\u8bae+<\/span>IP\u5730\u5740+<\/span>MAC\u5730\u5740
\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u4f4d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u6210\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7279<\/p>\r\n
\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
\u62c6\u5305\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u7531\u4e0b\u81f3\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5305<\/span>\u00a0
\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1a\u4f4d \u6bd4\u7279
<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff1a\u67e5\u770bMAC\u5730\u5740
<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u67e5\u770bIP\u5730\u5740
\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1a\u67e5\u770bTCP\u534f\u8bae
\u524d\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/p>\r\n
\u200b<\/span>\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a1024\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u7aef\u53e3
<\/span>cat<\/span> \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_local_port_range<\/span><\/p>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
5.TCP\/IP (\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b)<\/h1>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\r\n
 <\/p>\r\n
\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
FTP         21<\/span>          \u660e\u6587\u534f\u8bae,\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eTCP<\/span>
TFTP        69<\/span>          \u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eUDP<\/span>
SSH         22<\/span>          \u5b89\u5168\u5916\u58f3\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5,\u52a0\u5bc6<\/span>
Telnet      23<\/span>          \u660e\u6587\u534f\u8bae,\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>
SNMP        161<\/span>\/162     \u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eUDP<\/span>
SMTP \u00a0      25<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0      \u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eTCP<\/span>
HTTP \u00a0      80<\/span> \u00a0        \u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae<\/span>
HTTPS       443<\/span> \u00a0       \u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae<\/span>
DHCP        67<\/span>\/68\/546   \u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae,C(67),S(68),546(V6)<\/span><\/pre>\r\n
tcp\u4e0eudp\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
tcp\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\r\n
\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n
\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a\u5373\u672c\u5730\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3
\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a \u5373\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7aef\u53e3
\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff1a \u56e0\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5206\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53f7\uff1a \u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\r\n
UDP\u76f8\u5173\u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n
UDP<\/b>\u6ca1\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5<\/b><\/h3>\r\n
\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
TCP\uff1a\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae
\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u4f4e
\u5e94\u6709\u573a\u666f\uff1aweb\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\r\n
UDP\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u8f93
\u5e94\u6709\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DNS\uff09\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u6d41\uff0cIP\u8bed\u97f3\uff08VOIP\uff09<\/p>\r\n
TCP UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8303\u56f4 1-65535\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u603b\u6570\u4e3a2\u768416\u6b21\u65b9=65536<\/p>\r\n
\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\r\n
\u9762\u5411\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5305\uff08\u62a5\u6587\u5206\u7ec4\uff09\u9001\u5230\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u5b9a\u8def\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\r\n
6.tcp 3\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548ctcp 4\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/h1>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n
1.\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5efa\u7acb TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684seq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d SYN \u5b57\u6bb5\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42
2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u56de\u590d \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u53d1\u9001\u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b seq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u56de\u590d\u62a5\u6587\u7684 SYN \u5b57\u6bb5\u7f6e 1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751fACK \u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0cACK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570\u503c\u662f\u5728 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684 seq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a01 \u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56de\u590d ack \u4ee5\u4fbf \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 TCP \u5efa\u7acb\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4
3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u6536\u5230 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684 TCP \u5efa\u7acb\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u539f\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u52a0 1 \u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u590d ACK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5728 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684 seq\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 1\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u590d\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56de\u590d ack \u786e\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 TCP \u5efa\u7acb\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4<\/p>\r\n
tcp 4\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n
1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u65ad\u5f00 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b seq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u65ad\u5f00TCP \u8fde\u63a5
2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u4f1a\u56de\u590d \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u53d1\u9001\u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542bseq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f ACK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0cACK \u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u5728 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684 seq \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 1 \u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u590d\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56de\u590d ack \u786e\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4
3. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u5728\u56de\u590d\u5b8c \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\u786e\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u8fdb\u884cTCP \u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a \u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u4f1a\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u65ad\u5f00\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u8ba4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6bd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d FIN \u5b57\u6bb5\u7f6e 1\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u9001\u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42
4. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cack \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u5728\u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7 seq \u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56de\u590d ack \u786e\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4
5. TCP \u65ad\u5f00\u7684 4 \u6b21\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00<\/p>\r\n
\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
ACK\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u6536\u5230 
SYN\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 
FIN\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 
PSH\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6709DATA\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0cPSH\u4e3a1\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684TCP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u4f20\u9012
RST\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5728FIN\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e3a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002
seq\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff1a\u5c06\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5206\u540e\u6807\u8bb0\u5e8f\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5c06\u62c6\u5206\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u88c5\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a+1\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u7ed9\u6211\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\r\n
7.TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5341\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u8f6c\u6362<\/h1>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n
TCP11\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u8868\u793a\u542b\u4e49<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
CLOSED\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u793aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u201c\u5173\u95ed\u7740\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u672a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u201d
LISTEN \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u67d0\u4e2aSOCKET\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5
SYN_RCVD \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u7684SYN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684SOCKET\u5728\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f88\u77ed\u6682\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7528netstat\u5f88\u96be\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6545\u610f\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e09\u6b21TCP\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u62a5\u6587\u4e0d\u4e88\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u5f53TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u4e8e\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5230ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001
SYN_SENT \uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0eSYN_RCVD\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefSOCKET\u6267\u884cconnect()\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u9001SYN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u968f\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u5230SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u3002SYN_SENT\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u53d1\u9001SYN\u62a5\u6587
ESTABLISHED \uff1a\u8868\u793aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb
FIN_WAIT_1 \uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u597d\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9eFIN_WAIT_1\u548cFIN_WAIT_2\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1aFIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5f53SOCKET\u5728ESTABLISHED\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u60f3\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e86FIN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8be5SOCKET\u8fdb\u5165\u5230FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5bf9\u65b9\u56de\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u5230FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u65b9\u5904\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u9a6c\u4e0a\u56de\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u89c1\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u800cFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u65f6\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528netstat\u770b\u5230
FIN_WAIT_2 \uff1a\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684SOCKET\u8868\u793a\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u4e00\u65b9\u8c03\u7528close()\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aFIN_WAIT_2\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u50cfTIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u5173\u95ed\uff08\u4e0d\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u62104\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2aFIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83
TIME_WAIT \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u4e86ACK\u62a5\u6587\u3002TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f852*MSL\uff08Max Segment Lifetime\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5206\u6bb5\u751f\u5b58\u671f\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u62a5\u6587\u5728Internet\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u957f\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684TCP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684MSL\u503c\uff0cRFC 1122\u5efa\u8bae\u662f2\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4f46BSD\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u91c7\u7528\u4e8630\u79d2\uff0cLinux\u53ef\u4ee5cat \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/tcp_fin_timeout\u770b\u5230\u672c\u673a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u56de\u5230CLOSED\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679cFIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u540c\u65f6\u5e26FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u548cACK\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7FIN_WAIT_2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u662f\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u53d8\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff09
CLOSING \uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6536\u5230\uff08\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u5230\uff09\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u518d\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4f46\u662fCLOSING\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u65b9\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5374\u4e5f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u53cc\u65b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u65f6close()\u4e00\u4e2aSOCKET\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0CLOSING\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6b63\u5728\u5173\u95edSOCKET\u8fde\u63a5
CLOSE_WAIT \uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u5bf9\u65b9close()\u4e00\u4e2aSOCKET\u540e\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u5c06\u4f1a\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5219\u8fdb\u5165\u5230CLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5close()\u8fd9\u4e2aSOCKET\u5e76\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u81ea\u5df1\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bdd\u5219\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5904\u4e8eCLOSE_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u53bb\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002
LAST_ACK \uff1a\u5f53\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u5904\u4e8eLAST_ACK\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5230CLOSED\u53ef\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u4e86<\/p>\r\n
8.\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\r\n
ICMP\uff1aInternet\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7c07\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728IP\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4e0d\u901a\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8fbe\u3001\u8def\u7531\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f20\u8f93\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002RARP\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u534f\u8bae
ARP\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae,\u662f\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u907f\u514d\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u7684\u4ea7\u751f
\u52a8\u6001ARP\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u5584ARP\u8868\u4fe1\u606f,\u4f1a\u5b9a\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u6761\u76ee,\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u8868\u65f6\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd,\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u66f4\u6362\u9891\u7e41\u7f51\u7edc\u3002
\u9759\u6001ARP\uff1a\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6eARP\u8868\u4fe1\u606f,\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u66f4\u6362\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\r\n
9.\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u5165\u5c42\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\r\n
Ethernet\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08Ethernet\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u3002
FastEth\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08Fast Ethernet\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6570\u636e\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230100Mbps\uff0c\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5341\u500d\u3002
Token Ring\uff1a\u4ee4\u724c\u73af\u7f51\uff08Token Ring\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cdLAN\u534f\u8bae,\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u90fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002
FDDI\uff1a\u5149\u7ea4\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u7f06\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u97f3\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\r\n
10.IP\u5730\u5740<\/h1>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\uff08Internet Protocol Address\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u7f51\u9645\u534f\u8bae\u5730\u5740\u3002
IP\u5730\u5740\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7edf\u4e00\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\uff08\u5c4f\u853d\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5dee\u5f02\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u624b\u673a\u53f7\u7801\u627e\u5230\u624b\u673a\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5IP\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff09<\/p>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5e38\u7528\u7684IPv4\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c0632\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a4\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u4e3a4\u4e2a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u70b9\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5982127.0.0.1\uff08localhost\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u70b9-\u6570\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u201d\u3002
IP\u5730\u5740\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u6240\u5c5e\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u7c7b\u6709\u5173<\/p>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5b50\u7f51\u3001\u7f51\u6bb5\uff09\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7<\/p>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740
\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff08Public address\uff09\u7531Inter NIC\uff08Internet Network Information Center\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6ce8\u518c\u5e76\u5411Inter NIC\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u3002\u5168\u7403\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d<\/p>\r\n
\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740
\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff08Private address\uff09\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6ce8\u518c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u67af\u7aed \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\uff09<\/p>\r\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u7559\u7528\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740
A\u7c7b 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255
B\u7c7b 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
C\u7c7b 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255<\/p>\r\n
\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u914d\u7f6e\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51\uff08\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff09\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f
NAT — \u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5316\u5986\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/p>\r\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u5e38\u89c1\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n
 <\/p>\r\n
A\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\r\n
\u4e00\u4e2aA\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6307\uff0c \u5728IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u56db\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cA\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u75311\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c3\u5b57\u8282\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c0\u201d\u3002A\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a24\u4f4d\uff0cA\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u6709126\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u8fbe1600\u591a\u4e07\u53f0\u3002
A\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740 \u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f41.0.0.1\u5230127.255.255.254 \uff08\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a00000001 00000000 00000000 00000001 – 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111110\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740
A\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.0.0.0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u4e3a256\u76843\u6b21\u65b9-2=16777212\u53f0<\/p>\r\n
B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\r\n
\u4e00\u4e2aB\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5728IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u56db\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cB\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u75312\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c2\u5b57\u8282\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c10\u201d\u3002B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a16\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a16\u4f4d\uff0cB\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u670916384\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6570\u4e3a6\u4e07\u591a\u53f0\u3002
B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4128.0.0.1-191.255.255.254 \uff08\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001—-10111111 11111111 11111111 11111110\uff09\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740
B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.0.0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u4e3a256\u76842\u6b21\u65b9-2=65534\u53f0<\/p>\r\n
C\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\r\n
\u4e00\u4e2aC\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5728IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u56db\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u4e09\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53f7\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cC\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u75313\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c1\u5b57\u8282\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c110\u201d\u3002C\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a24\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a8\u4f4d\uff0cC\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6709209\u4e07\u4f59\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b254\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002
C\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4192.0.0.1-223.255.255.254 \uff08\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e3a: 11000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 – 11011111 11111111 11111111 11111110\uff09
C\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.255.0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u4e3a256-2=254\u53f0<\/p>\r\n
D\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u70b9\u5e7f\u64ad\uff08Multicast\uff09<\/h3>\r\n
D\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740(multicast address)\uff0c\u5373\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c1110\u201d\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4ece224.0.0.0\u5230239.255.255.255<\/p>\r\n
\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740
\u4ee5\u201cllll0\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4fdd\u7559<\/p>\r\n
\u7279\u6b8a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
1.\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u4e3a0\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u201c0.0.0.0\u201d\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u673a
2.IP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u4e3a1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u201c255\uff0e255\uff0e255\uff0e255\u201d\uff09\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1b3.IP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5\u201c11110\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u7684E\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f7f\u7528
4.IP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u201c127\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57127\uff0e0\uff0e0\uff0e1\u5230127\uff0e255\uff0e255\uff0e255\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u8def\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a127.0.0.1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u673aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7528\u201chttp:\/\/127.0.0.1\u201d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u672c\u673a\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668
5.169.254.0.0~169.254.255.255,\u662f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86dhcp\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4f46\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230dhcp\u7684\u4f1a\u968f\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684ip<\/p>\r\n
11.\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/h1>\r\n
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53c8\u53eb\u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u5730\u5740\u63a9\u7801
\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u5230IP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cA\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5206\u522b\u4e3a255.0.0.0\uff0c255.255.0.0\u4e0e255.255.255.0\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a255\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a0\uff09\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5404\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u4f4d\u5462\uff1f
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u3001\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5212\u5206\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u3002A\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u6570\u662f8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5c31\u662f255.0.0.0\uff0cB\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u6570\u662f16\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f255.255.0.0\uff0cC\u7c7b\u662f24\u4f4d\uff0c255.255.255.0<\/p>\r\n
\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0b\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u80fd\u5426\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\uff08\u662f\u5426\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\/\u6bb5\u4e0b\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u4e24\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5206\u522b\u662f172.20.0.18\u548c172.20.1.16\uff0c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u90fd\u662f255.255.255.0
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u5206\u522b\u662f172.20.0\u548c172.20.1\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5PING\u901a\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u6539\u6210255.255.0.0<\/p>\r\n
\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3172.20.1.0\/18<\/strong>
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206
<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5730\u5740\u6d6a\u8d39
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u673a\u6027\u80fd
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7f51\u5173\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u9ad8<\/p>\r\n
\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u5207\u5272\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u5730\u5740=2\u7684n\u6b21\u65b9-2 n\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d
-2 \u8868\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 \u8868\u793a\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u8981\u9884\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740<\/p>\r\n
\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3172.20.1.0\/26<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n
\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u768426\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u673aID\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u670926\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f255.255.255.192
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5c06IP\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u7ed3\u6784\u6269\u5145\u6210\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8282\u7ea6\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8d1f\u62c5
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u5212\u5206
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1f\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06\u8981\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u6570\u76ee\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a2\u7684m\u6b21\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6070\u597d\u662f2\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u6b21\u65b9\uff0c\u5219\u6309\u7167\u53d6\u5927\u539f\u5219
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e42m\u6309\u7167\u9ad8\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u524dm\u4f4d\uff0c\u518d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u3002\u5982m\u4e3a3\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u4e2d\u67093\u4f4d\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\u90fd\u4e3a1\uff0c\u6545\u5982\u662fC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u53d8\u4e3a11100000\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u540e\u4e3a224\uff0c\u6545\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.255.224\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fB\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5219\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.224.0<\/p>\r\n
12.\u7f51\u5173<\/h1>\r\n
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