{"id":87,"date":"2022-04-09T12:05:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-09T04:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=87"},"modified":"2025-09-30T14:27:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:27:31","slug":"linux-grep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/?p=87","title":{"rendered":"Linux-grep\u8fc7\u6ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>grep\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h1>\n<p>\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe grep \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u628a\u542b\u6709\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0<span class=\"marked\">&#8211;<\/span>\uff0c\u5219 grep \u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<h2>grep \u8fc7\u6ee4 \u64c5\u957f\u67e5\u627e\u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n<pre>-v: \u6392\u9664\uff08\u53d6\u53cd\uff09\r\n-i:\u00a0\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\r\n-E: \u652f\u6301\u591a\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08\u6216\u8005egrep\u52a0\u5f3a\u7248\uff09\r\n-n: \u663e\u793a\u6570\u5b57\r\n-c\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\u6570\r\n-A:\uff08-A2\uff09\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\r\n-B:\uff08-B2\uff09\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e24\u884c\r\n-C:\uff08-C2\uff09\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c\r\n-L\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\r\n<strong>-r\uff1a<\/strong>\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\r\n<strong>-R\uff1a<\/strong>\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n-w\uff1a\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\r\n-x\uff1a\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u6574\u884c\r\n-F\uff1a\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\r\n-P\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Perl \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\r\n-q\uff1a\u9759\u9ed8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ec5\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u7801\r\n-f\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\r\n-m\uff1a\u6700\u591a\u663e\u793a num \u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u884cgrep -m 5\r\n-l\uff1a\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\r\n-f\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5339\u914d\u6837\u5f0f\r\n-e\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6837\u5f0f\r\n-o\uff1a\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u884c<\/pre>\n<h2>\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7<\/h2>\n<pre>^\uff1a\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u5f00\u5934\r\n$\uff1a\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c3e\r\n^$\uff1a\u7a7a\u884c\r\n*\uff1a\u6240\u6709\r\n[]\uff1a [abc] \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 \u5339\u914da\u6216b\u6216c \u4e00\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\r\n[^]\uff1a [^abc] \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f1\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26 \u4e0d\u5339\u914da\u6216\u4e0d\u5339\u914db\u6216\u4e0d\u5339\u914dc \u6392\u9664<\/pre>\n<h3>\u5728\/etc\/services \u4e2d\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fassh<\/h3>\n<pre>grep 'ssh' \/etc\/services<\/pre>\n<h3>\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e<\/h3>\n<pre>grep root \/etc\/passwd \/etc\/shadow \/etc\/gshadow<\/pre>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528 -v \u53c2\u6570\u6392\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<pre>grep -v root \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<h3>\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ee5\/bin\/sync\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u884c<\/h3>\n<pre>grep \"\/bin\/sync$\" \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<h3>\u663e\u793a\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ee5root\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c<\/h3>\n<pre>grep \"^root\" \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n<h3>\u6392\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u884c,\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u7684\u884c<\/h3>\n<pre>echo -e 'root\\n\\ndocker \u00a0 \\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \\n\\nqiang\\n \u00a0 zhenshuai \u00a0 \u00a0 '&gt;star.txt\r\ncat -n star.txt\r\n1 root\r\n2\r\n3 docker\r\n4\r\n5\r\n6 qiang\r\n7 zhenshuai<\/pre>\n<h4>\u65b9\u6cd51<\/h4>\n<pre>grep -v -n '^$' star.txt\r\n1:root\r\n3:docker\r\n6:qiang\r\n7: zhenshuai<\/pre>\n<h4>\u65b9\u6cd52<\/h4>\n<pre>grep -v -n '^ *$' star.txt\r\n1:root\r\n3:docker\r\n6:qiang\r\n7: zhenshuai<\/pre>\n<h4>\u65b9\u6cd53<\/h4>\n<pre>egrep -v -n '^$|^ +$' star.txt\r\n1:root\r\n3:docker\r\n6:qiang\r\n7: zhenshuai<\/pre>\n<h4>\u65b9\u6cd54<\/h4>\n<pre>grep -n '[a-z]' star.txt\r\n1:root\r\n3:docker\r\n6:qiang\r\n7: zhenshuai<\/pre>\n<h3>\u5339\u914d\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h3>\n<pre>[root@master ~]$ egrep -C 5 'access_log' \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf.rpmnew\r\n\r\nlog_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] \"$request\" '\r\n'$status $body_bytes_sent \"$http_referer\" '\r\n'\"$http_user_agent\" \"$http_x_forwarded_for\"';\r\n\r\naccess_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main;\r\n\r\nsendfile on;\r\n#tcp_nopush on;\r\n\r\nkeepalive_timeout 65;<\/pre>\n<h3>\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/h3>\n<p>[root@master ~]$ egrep -Rl name \/etc\/<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fc7\u6ee4456\u90a3\u884c\u7684100\uff08*\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>cat 456<br \/>\n123 456 100 200<br \/>\n123 100 200 300<br \/>\n456#100#200#300<\/p>\n<p>grep -n &#8216;456.100&#8217; 456 | grep -o 100<\/p>\n<p>grep &#8216;123.*100&#8217; 456 | grep -o 100<br \/>\n100<br \/>\n100<\/p>\n<p>grep 456 456 | grep -o &#8220;100&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>grep\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8303\u672c\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe g [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=87"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/87\/revisions\/90"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=87"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=87"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiangzhenshuai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=87"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}